Kota Gede is sometimes called as The old Capital City, as it was the first capital of Mataram Islam Kingdom. Before, it was merely a forest-called Alas Mentaok, which was granted by Sultan Panjang, King of Hindu Kingdom in East Java to Panembahan Senopati, since Senopati had done a favour by protecting Panjang. In 1575, Panembahan Senopati, who became the first King of Mataram Islam, builts this area and established it as the capital city.
Kota Gede was being a capital city until 1640, after that time the third of King Mataram Islam, Sultan Agung moved the capital to desa (village) Kerto, Plered-Bantul. It is about 6 km from Kota Gede to the west. It was told that the reason of this moving to get more power and glory mystically. Only few relics and important buildings of early Mataram Islam remain in this old city now. They are cemetry of Prince Senopati’s clan, piece of wall and foundationof one of Pendopo (the front room of the palace), and Sendang Selirang-a pool where the royal family bathed. Those three relics are located in one compound, together with Mosque
Of Kota Gde palace (masjid Kraton Kota Gede). It is about 200m from Kota Gede traditional market to the south.
The cemetery is open for public every Monday and Thursday from 10.00 to 12.00 and Friday at 13.00-15.00. The visitors will have to wear the Javanese traditional clothes: batik the clothes are available for rent in the location.
Amongst the relics, we can still found other building, which strengthen the impression of the old capital city. They are some houses owned by Kalang people . they where presumed as the natives of Kota Gede and known as artists. They carved wood and gold. They were coming from Kingdom Of Majapahit Hindu area in east Java and Bali, requested by the state of Mataram Islam to fulfil its needs of arts.
After being left by Sultan Agung in 1700s, the Kalang became rich from their job. They built luxurious houses with Hidu Javanese architecture. The next period, around 1800s to 1900s there were Javanese Joglo (Javanese traditional architecture) coming up, with musholla (small mosque), and Arabic ornaments.
An impotant change hapenned during 1920s-1930s, when the Kalang being monopolized by the Dutch (the Colonial Government)to handle the private pawnshops, diamond and opium trading during tis period, the kalang builts luxurious houses with European Baroque architecture. The house of Pawiro Sentiko’s was the successful businessman in that time who owned 13 pawnshops in Jogja.
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